States of matter class 5

 Q1: What is matter?

 Ans: Any substance that has mass and occupies space.

 Q2: What is matter made up of? 

Ans: Matter is made up of very small particles called molecules.  

Q3: What makes liquids take the shape of the container they are poured in? 

Ans: Liquids take the shape of the container they are poured in because the particles are not as tightly packed as in solids.

 Q4: List any three processes to show that matter changes from one state to another.

 Ans: The three processes to show that matter changes from one state to another are as follows Melting Freezing Evaporation Condensation 

Q5: How does heating and cooling affect the movement of particles? 

Ans: On cooling the movement of particles decreases. On heating the movement of particles increases. 

Q6: Explain in what way is the arrangement of particles related to the states of matter. 

Ans: All matter is made up of very small particles. The arrangement of particles results in three states of matter: Solids: In solids, the particles are very closely packed and because of this most solids have fixed shapes. Liquids: In liquids, particles are not as closely packed as in solids. This is the reason liquids can take the shape of the container they are poured into. Gases: In gases particles are very loosely packed and they can easily flow from one place to another. 

Q7: Describe how the states of matter change in terms of the movements of tiny particles.

 Ans: In terms of the movement of particles the changes in states of matter will be as follows: Melting: In this process a solid changes into a liquid on heating. The particles of the solid will start moving faster on heating and break away from their rigid pattern thus making a liquid. Freezing: In this process a liquid changes into a solid on cooling. When the liquid is cooled the movement of its particles will decrease and they will pack themselves into a rigid shape thus forming a solid. Evaporation: In this process a liquid changes into a gas on heating. The particles start moving faster on heating and break free from their existing pattern thus making a gas. Condensation: In this process, a gas changes into a liquid on cooling. Cooling of the gas will decrease the movement of its particles making them free to move thus forming a liquid.

IMPORTANT TERMS

Matter-                                  Anything that has a mass and occupies space is called matter.

Volume-                     The amount of space occupied by something is called volume. Volume of a liquid is measured by an instrument called graduated cylinder.

Mass-                                  The amount of matter contained in an object is called its mass. Mass of an object is measured by a beam balance.

Density-                          Mass per unit volume is called density.

Contraction -                    The decrease in size of matter on cooling is called contraction.

Expansion -                        The increase in size of matter on heating is called expansion.

Immiscible Liquids-        Those pair of liquids which do not get mixed in each other are called immiscible liquids e.g. oil and water.

Miscible Liquids-           Those pair of liquids which get mixed in each other in all proportions are called miscible liquids e.g. milk and water.

Flammable liquids-          Liquids that catch fire easily are called flammable liquids e.g. Petrol, alcohol.

Non-flammable liquids-   Liquids that do not catch fire easily are called non-flammable liquids e.g. Water, milk.

 

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

PHYSICAL STATE	SHAPE	VOLUME	FORCES OF        ATTRACTION	SPACE BETWEEN       THE PARTICLES
Solid	Fixed	Definite	Very strong	Close together
Liquid	Not fixed	Definite	Intermediate between solids and liquids	Intermediate between solids   and liquids
Gas	Not fixed	Indefinite	Very weak	Far apart

 

Dissolving solids, liquids and gases in water

Water is called a universal solvent as it dissolves most of the substances in it.

Solids - Some substances get dissolved in water easily and form solution e.g. salt and sugar get dissolved in water to form a solution. However, some substances do not get dissolved in water e.g. chalk powder, sand etc.

Liquids – Some liquids are soluble in water e.g. milk, fruit juice gets mixed in water. However, some liquids like petrol, diesel does not get mixed in water.

Gases – Some gases get dissolved in water e.g. oxygen and carbon dioxide are slightly soluble in water. However, some gases do not get dissolved in water e.g. hydrogen, nitrogen etc.

 

CHANGE OF STATES     

Evaporation -      Changing of a liquid into gas is called evaporation.

Condensation -   Changing of a gas into liquid is called condensation.

Freezing -             Changing of a liquid into a solid is called freezing.

Melting -              Changing of a solid into a liquid is called melting.

Effect of change of temperature

Rise in temperature

A solid converts to liquid on heating.

A liquid converts to gas on heating.

Speed of particles and space between the particles increases on heating.

Fall in temperature

A gas converts to liquid on cooling.

A liquid converts to solid on cooling.

Speed of particles and space of particles decreases on cooling.

4. Define matter. Briefly describe the different states of matter.

Ans. Matter is something that has mass and takes up space. The different states of

matter are.

i. Solids - The particles are tightly packed.

ii. Liquids - The particles are loosely packed.

iii. Gas - The particles are very loosely packed.